E - the type of elements maintained by this setpublic class TreeSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E> implements NavigableSet<E>, Cloneable, Serializable
NavigableSet implementation based on a TreeMap.
 The elements are ordered using their natural
 ordering, or by a Comparator provided at set creation
 time, depending on which constructor is used.
 This implementation provides guaranteed log(n) time cost for the basic
 operations (add, remove and contains).
 
Note that the ordering maintained by a set (whether or not an explicit
 comparator is provided) must be consistent with equals if it is to
 correctly implement the Set interface.  (See Comparable
 or Comparator for a precise definition of consistent with
 equals.)  This is so because the Set interface is defined in
 terms of the equals operation, but a TreeSet instance
 performs all element comparisons using its compareTo (or
 compare) method, so two elements that are deemed equal by this method
 are, from the standpoint of the set, equal.  The behavior of a set
 is well-defined even if its ordering is inconsistent with equals; it
 just fails to obey the general contract of the Set interface.
 
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
 If multiple threads access a tree set concurrently, and at least one
 of the threads modifies the set, it must be synchronized
 externally.  This is typically accomplished by synchronizing on some
 object that naturally encapsulates the set.
 If no such object exists, the set should be "wrapped" using the
 Collections.synchronizedSortedSet
 method.  This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
 unsynchronized access to the set: 
SortedSet s = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet(...));
The iterators returned by this class's iterator method are
 fail-fast: if the set is modified at any time after the iterator is
 created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove
 method, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException.
 Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly
 and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at
 an undetermined time in the future.
 
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
 as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
 presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification.  Fail-fast iterators
 throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis.
 Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
 exception for its correctness:   the fail-fast behavior of iterators
 should be used only to detect bugs.
 
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
Collection, 
Set, 
HashSet, 
Comparable, 
Comparator, 
TreeMap, 
Serialized Form| Constructor and Description | 
|---|
| TreeSet()Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the
 natural ordering of its elements. | 
| TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c)Constructs a new tree set containing the elements in the specified
 collection, sorted according to the natural ordering of its
 elements. | 
| TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)Constructs a new, empty tree set, sorted according to the specified
 comparator. | 
| TreeSet(SortedSet<E> s)Constructs a new tree set containing the same elements and
 using the same ordering as the specified sorted set. | 
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description | 
|---|---|
| boolean | add(E e)Adds the specified element to this set if it is not already present. | 
| boolean | addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this set. | 
| E | ceiling(E e)Returns the least element in this set greater than or equal to
 the given element, or  nullif there is no such element. | 
| void | clear()Removes all of the elements from this set. | 
| Object | clone()Returns a shallow copy of this  TreeSetinstance. | 
| Comparator<? super E> | comparator()Returns the comparator used to order the elements in this set,
 or null if this set uses the natural ordering of its elements. | 
| boolean | contains(Object o)Returns  trueif this set contains the specified element. | 
| Iterator<E> | descendingIterator()Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in descending order. | 
| NavigableSet<E> | descendingSet()Returns a reverse order view of the elements contained in this set. | 
| E | first()Returns the first (lowest) element currently in this set. | 
| E | floor(E e)Returns the greatest element in this set less than or equal to
 the given element, or  nullif there is no such element. | 
| SortedSet<E> | headSet(E toElement)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
 strictly less than toElement. | 
| NavigableSet<E> | headSet(E toElement,
       boolean inclusive)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are less than
 (or equal to, if  inclusiveis true)toElement. | 
| E | higher(E e)Returns the least element in this set strictly greater than the
 given element, or  nullif there is no such element. | 
| boolean | isEmpty()Returns  trueif this set contains no elements. | 
| Iterator<E> | iterator()Returns an iterator over the elements in this set in ascending order. | 
| E | last()Returns the last (highest) element currently in this set. | 
| E | lower(E e)Returns the greatest element in this set strictly less than the
 given element, or  nullif there is no such element. | 
| E | pollFirst()Retrieves and removes the first (lowest) element,
 or returns  nullif this set is empty. | 
| E | pollLast()Retrieves and removes the last (highest) element,
 or returns  nullif this set is empty. | 
| boolean | remove(Object o)Removes the specified element from this set if it is present. | 
| int | size()Returns the number of elements in this set (its cardinality). | 
| Spliterator<E> | spliterator()Creates a late-binding
 and fail-fast  Spliteratorover the elements in this
 set. | 
| NavigableSet<E> | subSet(E fromElement,
      boolean fromInclusive,
      E toElement,
      boolean toInclusive)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range from
  fromElementtotoElement. | 
| SortedSet<E> | subSet(E fromElement,
      E toElement)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements range
 from fromElement, inclusive, to toElement,
 exclusive. | 
| SortedSet<E> | tailSet(E fromElement)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are
 greater than or equal to fromElement. | 
| NavigableSet<E> | tailSet(E fromElement,
       boolean inclusive)Returns a view of the portion of this set whose elements are greater
 than (or equal to, if  inclusiveis true)fromElement. | 
equals, hashCode, removeAllcontainsAll, retainAll, toArray, toArray, toStringfinalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, waitcontainsAll, equals, hashCode, removeAll, retainAll, toArray, toArrayparallelStream, removeIf, streampublic TreeSet()
Comparable interface.
 Furthermore, all such elements must be mutually
 comparable: e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw a
 ClassCastException for any elements e1 and
 e2 in the set.  If the user attempts to add an element
 to the set that violates this constraint (for example, the user
 attempts to add a string element to a set whose elements are
 integers), the add call will throw a
 ClassCastException.public TreeSet(Comparator<? super E> comparator)
comparator.compare(e1,
 e2) must not throw a ClassCastException for any elements
 e1 and e2 in the set.  If the user attempts to add
 an element to the set that violates this constraint, the
 add call will throw a ClassCastException.comparator - the comparator that will be used to order this set.
        If null, the natural
        ordering of the elements will be used.public TreeSet(Collection<? extends E> c)
Comparable interface.  Furthermore, all such elements must be
 mutually comparable: e1.compareTo(e2) must not throw a
 ClassCastException for any elements e1 and
 e2 in the set.c - collection whose elements will comprise the new setClassCastException - if the elements in c are
         not Comparable, or are not mutually comparableNullPointerException - if the specified collection is nullpublic TreeSet(SortedSet<E> s)
s - sorted set whose elements will comprise the new setNullPointerException - if the specified sorted set is nullpublic Iterator<E> iterator()
iterator in interface Iterable<E>iterator in interface Collection<E>iterator in interface NavigableSet<E>iterator in interface Set<E>iterator in class AbstractCollection<E>public Iterator<E> descendingIterator()
descendingIterator in interface NavigableSet<E>public NavigableSet<E> descendingSet()
NavigableSetremove operation), the results of
 the iteration are undefined.
 The returned set has an ordering equivalent to
 Collections.reverseOrder(comparator()).
 The expression s.descendingSet().descendingSet() returns a
 view of s essentially equivalent to s.
descendingSet in interface NavigableSet<E>public int size()
size in interface Collection<E>size in interface Set<E>size in class AbstractCollection<E>public boolean isEmpty()
true if this set contains no elements.isEmpty in interface Collection<E>isEmpty in interface Set<E>isEmpty in class AbstractCollection<E>true if this set contains no elementspublic boolean contains(Object o)
true if this set contains the specified element.
 More formally, returns true if and only if this set
 contains an element e such that
 (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).contains in interface Collection<E>contains in interface Set<E>contains in class AbstractCollection<E>o - object to be checked for containment in this settrue if this set contains the specified elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
         with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic boolean add(E e)
e to this set if
 the set contains no element e2 such that
 (e==null ? e2==null : e.equals(e2)).
 If this set already contains the element, the call leaves the set
 unchanged and returns false.add in interface Collection<E>add in interface Set<E>add in class AbstractCollection<E>e - element to be added to this settrue if this set did not already contain the specified
         elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
         with the elements currently in this setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic boolean remove(Object o)
e such that
 (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)),
 if this set contains such an element.  Returns true if
 this set contained the element (or equivalently, if this set
 changed as a result of the call).  (This set will not contain the
 element once the call returns.)remove in interface Collection<E>remove in interface Set<E>remove in class AbstractCollection<E>o - object to be removed from this set, if presenttrue if this set contained the specified elementClassCastException - if the specified object cannot be compared
         with the elements currently in this setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic void clear()
clear in interface Collection<E>clear in interface Set<E>clear in class AbstractCollection<E>public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
addAll in interface Collection<E>addAll in interface Set<E>addAll in class AbstractCollection<E>c - collection containing elements to be added to this settrue if this set changed as a result of the callClassCastException - if the elements provided cannot be compared
         with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified collection is null or
         if any element is null and this set uses natural ordering, or
         its comparator does not permit null elementsAbstractCollection.add(Object)public NavigableSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, boolean fromInclusive, E toElement, boolean toInclusive)
NavigableSetfromElement to toElement.  If fromElement and
 toElement are equal, the returned set is empty unless fromInclusive and toInclusive are both true.  The returned set
 is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are reflected in
 this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports all optional set
 operations that this set supports.
 The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
 on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
subSet in interface NavigableSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint of the returned setfromInclusive - true if the low endpoint
        is to be included in the returned viewtoElement - high endpoint of the returned settoInclusive - true if the high endpoint
        is to be included in the returned viewfromElement, inclusive, to toElement, exclusiveClassCastException - if fromElement and
         toElement cannot be compared to one another using this
         set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using
         natural ordering).  Implementations may, but are not required
         to, throw this exception if fromElement or
         toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in
         the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement or toElement
         is null and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if fromElement is
         greater than toElement; or if this set itself
         has a restricted range, and fromElement or
         toElement lies outside the bounds of the range.public NavigableSet<E> headSet(E toElement, boolean inclusive)
NavigableSetinclusive is true) toElement.  The
 returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set are
 reflected in this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports all
 optional set operations that this set supports.
 The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
 on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
headSet in interface NavigableSet<E>toElement - high endpoint of the returned setinclusive - true if the high endpoint
        is to be included in the returned viewinclusive is true) toElementClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible
         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
         if toElement does not implement Comparable).
         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
         exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements
         currently in the set.NullPointerException - if toElement is null and
         this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
         not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
         restricted range, and toElement lies outside the
         bounds of the rangepublic NavigableSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement, boolean inclusive)
NavigableSetinclusive is true) fromElement.
 The returned set is backed by this set, so changes in the returned set
 are reflected in this set, and vice-versa.  The returned set supports
 all optional set operations that this set supports.
 The returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException
 on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
tailSet in interface NavigableSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint of the returned setinclusive - true if the low endpoint
        is to be included in the returned viewfromElementClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible
         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
         if fromElement does not implement Comparable).
         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
         exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements
         currently in the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement is null and
         this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
         not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
         restricted range, and fromElement lies outside the
         bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> subSet(E fromElement, E toElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to subSet(fromElement, true, toElement, false).
subSet in interface NavigableSet<E>subSet in interface SortedSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned settoElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if fromElement and
         toElement cannot be compared to one another using this
         set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator, using
         natural ordering).  Implementations may, but are not required
         to, throw this exception if fromElement or
         toElement cannot be compared to elements currently in
         the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement or
         toElement is null and this set uses natural ordering,
         or its comparator does not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if fromElement is
         greater than toElement; or if this set itself
         has a restricted range, and fromElement or
         toElement lies outside the bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> headSet(E toElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to headSet(toElement, false).
headSet in interface NavigableSet<E>headSet in interface SortedSet<E>toElement - high endpoint (exclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if toElement is not compatible
         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
         if toElement does not implement Comparable).
         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
         exception if toElement cannot be compared to elements
         currently in the set.NullPointerException - if toElement is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
         not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
         restricted range, and toElement lies outside the
         bounds of the rangepublic SortedSet<E> tailSet(E fromElement)
NavigableSetThe returned set will throw an IllegalArgumentException on an attempt to insert an element outside its range.
Equivalent to tailSet(fromElement, true).
tailSet in interface NavigableSet<E>tailSet in interface SortedSet<E>fromElement - low endpoint (inclusive) of the returned setClassCastException - if fromElement is not compatible
         with this set's comparator (or, if the set has no comparator,
         if fromElement does not implement Comparable).
         Implementations may, but are not required to, throw this
         exception if fromElement cannot be compared to elements
         currently in the set.NullPointerException - if fromElement is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator does
         not permit null elementsIllegalArgumentException - if this set itself has a
         restricted range, and fromElement lies outside the
         bounds of the rangepublic Comparator<? super E> comparator()
SortedSetcomparator in interface SortedSet<E>public E first()
SortedSetfirst in interface SortedSet<E>NoSuchElementException - if this set is emptypublic E last()
SortedSetlast in interface SortedSet<E>NoSuchElementException - if this set is emptypublic E lower(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.lower in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
         or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
         compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic E floor(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.floor in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
         or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
         compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic E ceiling(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.ceiling in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
         or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
         compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic E higher(E e)
NavigableSetnull if there is no such element.higher in interface NavigableSet<E>e - the value to matche,
         or null if there is no such elementClassCastException - if the specified element cannot be
         compared with the elements currently in the setNullPointerException - if the specified element is null
         and this set uses natural ordering, or its comparator
         does not permit null elementspublic E pollFirst()
NavigableSetnull if this set is empty.pollFirst in interface NavigableSet<E>null if this set is emptypublic E pollLast()
NavigableSetnull if this set is empty.pollLast in interface NavigableSet<E>null if this set is emptypublic Object clone()
TreeSet instance. (The elements
 themselves are not cloned.)public Spliterator<E> spliterator()
Spliterator over the elements in this
 set.
 The Spliterator reports Spliterator.SIZED,
 Spliterator.DISTINCT, Spliterator.SORTED, and
 Spliterator.ORDERED.  Overriding implementations should document
 the reporting of additional characteristic values.
 
The spliterator's comparator (see
 Spliterator.getComparator()) is null if
 the tree set's comparator (see comparator()) is null.
 Otherwise, the spliterator's comparator is the same as or imposes the
 same total ordering as the tree set's comparator.
spliterator in interface Iterable<E>spliterator in interface Collection<E>spliterator in interface Set<E>spliterator in interface SortedSet<E>Spliterator over the elements in this set Submit a bug or feature 
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